How do you brew potions in Minecraft?

Put Blaze Powder in the brewing stand as fuel, brew Water Bottles with Nether Wart to make an Awkward Potion (the base for almost everything), then add the potion's main ingredient — e.g. Sugar for Swiftness, a Golden Carrot for Night Vision. Each brew takes about 20 seconds and flavors all three bottles at once.

What does Fermented Spider Eye do in brewing?

Fermented Spider Eye corrupts a potion into its negative counterpart: Night Vision becomes Invisibility, Swiftness or Leaping becomes Slowness, Healing or Poison becomes Harming, and Strength (or a plain Awkward/Water bottle) becomes Weakness.

What do Redstone and Glowstone do to potions?

Redstone Dust extends a potion's duration (keeping it level I); Glowstone Dust strengthens it to level II (with a shorter duration). They can't be combined on the same potion — pick one. Gunpowder turns a potion into a splash potion, and Dragon's Breath turns a splash potion into a lingering one.

Minecraft Potion Chart — Every Brewing Recipe (Java 1.21, 2026)

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How Brewing Works

Brewing Stand: craft it from 1 Blaze Rod + 3 Cobblestone (or Blackstone).
Fuel: Blaze Powder in the left slot — one powder fuels ~20 brews.
Base: fill Glass Bottles at water → Water Bottles, then add Nether Wart to make an Awkward Potion (no effect on its own — it's the base for almost every potion).
Brew: add the potion's ingredient. Each brew takes ~20 seconds and flavors all three bottles at once.

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Every Potion & Its Ingredient

Added to an Awkward Potion unless noted. "II" = a Glowstone-strengthened level exists; "Ext" = Redstone can extend it.

Potion	Effect	Ingredient	Base time
Night Vision	See in the dark	Golden Carrot	3:00 · Ext
Invisibility	Invisible	Night Vision potion + Fermented Spider Eye	3:00 · Ext
Swiftness	Speed	Sugar	3:00 · II · Ext
Leaping	Jump Boost	Rabbit's Foot	3:00 · II · Ext
Strength	+attack damage	Blaze Powder	3:00 · II · Ext
Healing	Instant Health	Glistering Melon Slice	Instant · II
Regeneration	Regen health	Ghast Tear	0:45 · II · Ext
Fire Resistance	Immune to fire/lava	Magma Cream	3:00 · Ext
Water Breathing	Breathe underwater	Pufferfish	3:00 · Ext
Slow Falling	No fall damage, drift down	Phantom Membrane	1:30 · Ext
Turtle Master	Slowness + Resistance	Turtle Shell	0:20 · II · Ext
Poison	Damage over time	Spider Eye	0:45 · II · Ext
Weakness	−attack damage	Fermented Spider Eye (also brews from a plain Water Bottle)	1:30 · Ext
Slowness	Slowed movement	Swiftness/Leaping potion + Fermented Spider Eye	1:30 · Ext
Harming	Instant Damage	Healing or Poison potion + Fermented Spider Eye	Instant · II
Wind Charging	Wind burst on death (1.21)	Breeze Rod	3:00
Weaving	Cobwebs on death (1.21)	Cobweb	3:00
Oozing	Slimes on death (1.21)	Slime Block	3:00
Infestation	Silverfish when hurt (1.21)	Stone	3:00

Luck can't be brewed in Java — it's creative/command-only. And Invisibility, Slowness and Harming have no direct recipe: you brew the "parent" potion first (Night Vision, Swiftness, Healing/Poison) then add a Fermented Spider Eye.

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The 5 Modifiers

Add this	Does what
Redstone Dust	Extends duration (stays level I). Can't combine with Glowstone.
Glowstone Dust	Strengthens to level II (shorter duration). Can't combine with Redstone.
Fermented Spider Eye	Corrupts the potion to its negative version (see below).
Gunpowder	Turns it into a Splash Potion (throwable, area effect).
Dragon's Breath	Turns a splash potion into a Lingering Potion (leaves a cloud).

Fermented Spider Eye corruptions (current Java):

Night Vision	→ Invisibility
Swiftness / Leaping	→ Slowness
Healing / Poison	→ Harming
Strength / Water bottle / Awkward	→ Weakness

Old diagrams are wrong here: pre-1.9 charts show Fire Resistance or Water Breathing corrupting to Slowness, and Regeneration to Poison. Those recipes were removed in 1.9 — they don't work today. Fire Resistance, Water Breathing, Regeneration and Slow Falling don't corrupt at all.

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Handy Brewing Chains

Splash Poison II: Awkward → Spider Eye (Poison) → Glowstone (Poison II) → Gunpowder (Splash).
Long Fire Resistance: Awkward → Magma Cream (Fire Res) → Redstone (8:00).
Invisibility: Awkward → Golden Carrot (Night Vision) → Fermented Spider Eye (Invisibility) → Redstone (8:00).
Lingering Harming: Awkward → Glistering Melon (Healing) → Fermented Spider Eye (Harming) → Gunpowder → Dragon's Breath.

Minecraft Potion Chart

How Brewing Works

Every Potion & Its Ingredient

The 5 Modifiers

Handy Brewing Chains

Minecraft Brewing FAQ

More Minecraft